Generalized poincare inequality
**Theorem** Let $\Omega$ be a bounded open set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with Lipschitz boundary. Let $p$ be a continuous semi-norm on $H^1(\Omega)$, and $p$ is a norm on the constants (i.e. That $p(u)=0$ and $u$ is a constants imply that $u=0$).
Then there exists a constant $c$ depending only on $\Omega$ such that
$$(*)\hspace{25pt}\norm{ u }_{L^2} \leq c(\Omega)( \norm{\grad u}_{L^2} + p(u) ),$$
holds for any $u\in H^1(\Omega)$.
//Proof// We prove the theorem by contradiction. Suppose for each $n$, there exists $u_n\in H^1(\Omega)$ such that
$$(1)\hspace{25pt}\norm{u_n}_{L^2} > n(\norm{\grad u_n}_{L^2} + p(u_n)).$$
By scaling, we may assume that $\norm{u_n}_{L^2} = 1$ for all $n$. By (1), we then find
$$ \norm{\grad u_n}_{L^2} + p(u_n) \leq \f{1}{n}\rightarrow 0,\quad (n\rightarrow \infty).$$
Therefore, we find
$$\grad u_n \rightarrow 0,\quad p(u_n)\rightarrow 0,\quad (n\rightarrow \infty),$$
which implies that
$$u_n\rightarrow u_0=constant,$$
together with $p$ is a continuous semi-norm and is a norm on the constant, we find that
$$u_0=0.$$
That contradicts with the assumption that $\norm{u_n}_{L^2}=1$ for all $n$.
Hence, there exists a constant $c(\Omega)$ satisfying (*).
=== Remark
#The idea of this proof comes from $\Gamma e\Pi b\phi a h \pi$ Lemma (see [张林87, pp. 105]
#The Hilbert space $H^1(\Omega)$ can be replaced by general Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(\Omega)$.
#In this proof, the boundedness of the domain $\Omega$ is necessary since we need the constant (function) belongs to $H^1(\Omega)$.
#There is a version "Poincare inequality" for the sets bounded in one direction, see [Tem01, pp. 9].
=== References
#[Tem97]R. Temam, Infinite Dimensonal Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics, 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997
#[Tem01]R. Temam, Navier-Stokes Equations, Theory and Numerical Analysis, AMS Chelsea Publishing, Providence, RI, 2001, Reprint of the 1984 edition.
#[张林87]张恭庆, 林源渠, 泛函分析讲义上册, 北京大学出版社,1987.